Laser is an acronym, which stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. The Nd:YAG laser has a wavelength of 1064nm. This beam is focused and passes through the skin to be absorbed by the hair follicles where the intense heat damages the hair and inhibits future growth. The procedure targets the pigment in hair and will not work on white, grey or blonde hair. Black and dark brown hair is best suited for treatment.
Laser hair removal is a medical procedure that is used to reduce unwanted hair. The desired end point is the long-term stable reduction in the number of hairs exhibiting regrowth after the treatment regime. All areas with hair can be treated as well as any skin type from the lightest to the darkest.
Multiple treatments are necessary and on average four to eight treatments on a monthly basis are required. In any given area the hair exists in varying proportions of the three growth phases but lasers target follicles in the early Anagen phase. Results may vary but experienced operators know how to make the necessary adjustments in settings, to achieve the best results. Typically the setting adjustments reflect the continuous thinning of the hair shafts with shorter delivery times for the desired quantum of energy. Touch-ups may be required periodically, especially in younger patients and women with hormonally stimulated hirsutism.
Patients are not allowed to pluck, wax, tweeze or use depilatory creams for six weeks before starting treatment or during treatment. Hair can be shaved or clipped 24 to 48 hours prior to the laser procedure being performed. This facilitates the laser energy reaching the root of the hair instead of being wasted on the surface. If you have a history of cold sores it is important to inform you doctor as outbreaks can be triggered by trauma and procedures. Preventative antiviral medicine can be given prior to treatment if necessary.
Contraindications to hair removal include:
∙ Pregnancy
∙ Being on the oral acne cure isotretinoin, and for six months after completion
∙ Recent tanning or sunburn
∙ Tattoos and permanent makeup
∙ Photosensitizing medication
During treatments the doctor and patient wear appropriate eye protection since the eyes contain pigment, which can absorb energy. Treatments are not painful and at their worst feel like the snapping of a rubber band on the skin. Newer machines have built in cooling sprays, which make the use of cream anaesthetic unnecessary.
There is a smell of singed hair during treatments and a 1-2 mm swelling around some hair follicles that lasts for a short time. Cool packs or wet gauze are applied after treatment if redness is an issue in lighter skin types. Don’t be alarmed if the hair seems to lengthen and then falls out a few days later. Discoloration as a side effect is rare when experienced doctors perform the procedure.
This modality has revolutionised the treatment of unwanted hair but it is important to have it performed with the right machine and by a skilled and experienced operator. Decisions about hair removal should be made before the onset of greying for best results. Patients with Pseudofolliculitis Barbae (razor bumps) and hirsutism have been saved by this treatment.
There are other physical options that are specific for skin and hair colour in individuals who are unable to benefit from the Nd: YAG. See your Dermatologist and decide if Laser hair removal is suitable for you.